In-situ and ex-situ co-pyrolysis studies of waste biomass with spent motor oil: Elucidating the role of physical inhibition and mixing ratio to enhance fuel quality.

Simultaneous renewable energy generation is an imperative part of sustainable hazardous waste management. Therefore, the present work explicates the co-pyrolysis of rice stubble (RS) waste biomass and spent motor oil (SMO) to upgrade the obtained bio-oil. Moreover, two different modes, namely, in-situ and ex-situ, were implemented to analyze the effect of physical inhibition. Monothetic analysis approach was followed to determine optimum process conditions. A substantial increment of âˆ¼ 85% was observed in bio-oil yield for RS: SMO (1:1) in-situ operation whilst the only RS biomass pyrolysis. Moreover, the HHV increased by âˆ¼ 2.15 times after co-pyrolysis with a considerable reduction (62.70%) in water content. Consequently, the paraffin content increased to 79.14 vol% with an iso-paraffin index of 0.285. Subsequently, a possible reaction mechanism is also proposed to evaluate results comprehensively. Altogether, the co-pyrolysis of these feedstocks resulted in improved aliphatic content and reduced oxygenates, encouraging its adequacy as an alternate fuel.

Present cum future of SARS-CoV-2 virus and its associated control of virus-laden air pollutants leading to potential environmental threat - A global review.

The world is presently infected by the biological fever of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. The present study is mainly related to the airborne transmission of novel coronavirus through airway. Similarly, our mother planet is suffering from drastic effects of air pollution. There are sufficient probabilities or evidences proven for contagious virus transmission through polluted airborne-pathway in formed aerosol molecules. The pathways and sources of spread are detailed along with the best possible green control technologies or ideas to hinder further transmission. The combined effects of such root causes and unwanted outcomes are similar in nature leading to acute cardiac arrest of our planet. To maintain environmental sustainability, the prior future of such emerging unknown biological hazardous air emissions is to be thoroughly researched. So it is high time to deal with the future of hazardous air pollution and work on its preventive measures. The lifetime of such an airborne virus continues for several hours, thus imposing severe threat even during post-lockdown phase. The world waits eagerly for the development of successful vaccination or medication but the possible outcome is quite uncertain in terms of equivalent economy distribution and biomedical availability. Thus, risk assessments are to be carried out even during the post-vaccination period with proper environmental surveillance and monitoring. The skilled techniques of disinfection, sanitization, and other viable wayouts are to be modified with time, place, and prevailing climatic conditions, handling the pandemic efficiently. A healthy atmosphere makes the earth a better place to dwell, ensuring its future lifecycle.

Facile method to synthesize efficient adsorbent from alumina by nitric acid activation: Batch scale defluoridation, kinetics, isotherm studies and implementation on industrial wastewater treatment.

The excess amount of fluoride contamination in the groundwater or industrial effluents fosters various health problems. Considering the advantages of adsorption, the current research reports the synthesis of a novel adsorbent (HNAA) by simple and convenient process of nitric acid activation of alumina. The physiochemical characterization (SEM, EDX, XRF, FTIR, BET, and pHZPC) results exhibited successful activation of alumina and adsorption of fluoride ions. The effect of process parameters (contact time, initial pH, adsorbent dose, initial fluoride concentration and presence of coexisting ions) on adsorption of fluoride ions on HNAA were investigated in batch scale. The adsorption of fluoride ion on HNAA followed the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo second order kinetic model. The Qmax of HNAA adsorbent was 45.75 mg/g at 45 °C. The fluoride ion adsorption was revealed to be endothermic and spontaneous. The experimentation of the HNAA adsorbent on industrial wastewater, with fluoride concentration of 17.5 mg/L, inferred the significant defluoridation potential at the optimized adsorbent dose and pH. The nitric acid activation of alumina resulted in improvement of defluoridation efficiency from 74.18% to 97.43%. The HNAA also exhibited the better regeneration and reusability features which distinguish it as a promising adsorbent to be applied for real field wastewater.

Abdominal wall endometriosis.

Abdominal wall endometriosis is a rare condition, which usually develops in a surgical scar of abdominal hysterectomy or Caesarean section. A 38-year-old lady presented in the surgical out patient department complaining of painful swelling in the lower abdomen, at the left edge of the scar of caesarean section. Computerized tomographic (CT) scanning of the pelvis with contrast revealed an enhancing mass in the abdominal wall extending from the skin to the muscle layer. A diagnosis of a tumour or an inflammatory mass was suggested and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the lesion was advised to ascertain the nature of the lesion. The mass was removed completely and histopathology of the surgical specimen revealed endometriosis.

Pictorial review: Imaging features of unusual patterns and complications of hydatid disease.

Hydatid disease is a worldwide zoonosis produced by the larval stage of the Echinococcus tapeworm. We demonstrate rare locations and unusual complications of this entity during past 6 years. Rare locations during our observation included lumbar spine, sacral spine, spleen, ovary, abdominal wall, diaphragm, pelvis and right kidney. Unusual complications included formation of bronchopulmonary fistula, complete collapse of left lung secondary to hilar location of Hydatid cyst and hydatiduria.